Numerous variables affect the association between obesity and osteoporosis, a disorder that reduces bone density and increases fracture risk.
Weight-Bearing Exercise Effect: Positive Effect: Walking and resistance training increase bone density and health.
Benefits of Mechanical Loading for Bone Adaptation: Mechanical stress from weight-bearing activities strengthens and adapts bones.
Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow: Fat-produced hormones and cytokines impact bone metabolism. The relationship is complicated since fat adipokines can affect bone health both positively and negatively.
Hormonal Factors: - Obesity is linked to greater estrogen levels, which helps protect bone density, particularly in postmenopausal women.
Obesity can lead to reduced absorption of key minerals like vitamin D and calcium, which are crucial for bone health.
Chronic Inflammation: Obesity is linked to low-grade inflammation, which can severely impact bone metabolism.
Body Fat Distribution: Central Obesity: Abdominal fat may impact bone health differently than peripheral obesity (fat in the limbs).
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